Applications
The use of the JAMES Ultrapulse™ system is rapidly becoming a standard method for the quality measurement of refractories. Ultrasonic velocity measurement permits accurate and repeatable calculation of modulus of elasticity, bulk density and the detection of cracks. On a comparison basis, density variations within a single piece or between sim-ilar parts can be detected. Ultrasonic measurements can be correlated to modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and degradation of thermal shock.

The ceramic and refractory industries are applying the Ultrapulse™ System to the testing of pouring shrouds, slide gates, pouring flues, furniture, metal clad brick, black heart detection in brick, fusion castings, crusibles, abrasive wheels, clay pipe, stopper heads,rotor rods, nozzles and other parts.

Carbon
The same technique and measurement used in ceramics and refractories have been widely used and accepted as quality measurements for carbon electrodes, brushes, and other carbon products.

Plastics and Laminates
The application of low frequency ultrasonics to plastic permits nondestructive testing and grading for strength and density. Basic parameters can be calculated from velocity such as modulus of elasticity, bulk density and porosity. Bonds between plastic and other materials, as well as laminates, can be measured.